Today, we’ll be exploring some of the most notable Christian sites in Rome, including the Major Basilicas, the Mamertine Prison, Tre Fontane Abbey, the Arch of Titus, and the Catacombs.
Rome, the earthly seat of the Catholic Church, is home to 1.3 billion faithful followers worldwide.
Interestingly, the pilgrim industry played a significant role in shaping Rome’s modern-day landscape after the fall of the Roman Empire. With the population dwindling to a mere 20,000, mosquitoes and swamp were the rulers of this once-thriving city. A severe blow for the papacy, as the Catholic Church was the only acceptable form of Christianity during the Dark Ages.
Fast forward to the Renaissance era, popes aimed to project power and prestige, and the Church successfully revitalized the city, transforming it into a desirable destination for pilgrimages. Local businesses, such as hotels and restaurants, thrived under the increased traffic.
In the late 1580s, Pope Sixtus V facilitated the city’s transformation by reconnecting aqueducts and constructing long boulevards, linking significant churches and pilgrimage sites. The placement of obelisks served as markers, and the view of grand churches down the long streets was breathtaking.
As a pilgrim in Rome, visiting the four great basilicas is a must: St. Peter’s Basilica, St. Paul’s Outside the Walls, St Mary Major, and St John in Lateran.
In addition to the major basilicas, I’ll also be covering some other christian sites in Rome like the Mamertine Prison, Tre Fontane Abbey, the Arch of Titus, and the Catacombs. These spots offer a fascinating glimpse into the rich history of Rome and are definitely worth checking out if you have the time!
- Guide about the Things to See in Rome
The Best Christian Sites in Rome
Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore
The basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore is a true gem among the Christian sites in Rome. As one of the city’s oldest and best-preserved churches, it stands as a testament to the endurance of the Christian faith amidst the turmoil of the early centuries. Built in AD 432, Santa Maria Maggiore witnessed the fall of Rome and the rise of the papacy as a source of leadership in the city.
The fifth-century mosaics adorning the walls of the basilica offer a glimpse into the early Christian community and its devotion to the Holy Mary, the mother of Jesus. These stunning works of art, crafted with intricate detail and vibrant colors, bring to life the ancient stories and beliefs of the Christian faith.
Stepping inside the basilica, one can’t help but feel transported back in time. The general ambiance of the church, with its high ceilings, ornate decorations, and quiet serenity, creates a powerful sense of reverence and awe. It’s as if the very walls themselves hold the secrets and wisdom of centuries past.
For anyone seeking to connect with the rich history and spirituality of Rome, a visit to Santa Maria Maggiore is an absolute must. With its beautiful mosaics, ancient architecture, and palpable sense of sacredness, it offers a glimpse into the enduring power of the Christian faith and its lasting impact on the world.
Church of Santa Prassede
The mosaics located at the Church of Santa Prassede, dating back to AD 822, are considered the epitome of Byzantine-style mosaics in the city of Rome. The Byzantine Empire, with its capital in Constantinople, was the eastern division of the Roman Empire, distinguished by its unrelenting perseverance in the Christian faith, Greek-speaking populace, and sophisticated culture that persisted for a millennium. Meanwhile, their western counterparts were lost in the Dark Ages, struggling to illuminate their surroundings. The Byzantine craftsmen retained the knowledge and techniques of ancient Roman mosaicists who adorned the floors and walls of mansions and civic edifices. Later, they reintroduced this lost knowledge to Rome during its darkest hour.
One must take the time to adjust their eyesight to fully appreciate the glorious Byzantine artwork emanating from the dimly lit church. To behold the true magnificence of the mosaics, it is recommended to bring €0.50 and €1 coins for floodlighting. The full sparkle of the artwork can be admired upon inserting a coin into the box located in the Chapel of St. Zeno, thereby avoiding a trip to Ravenna in northern Italy, which is famous for its Byzantine mosaics.
The most exceptional mosaics are located in the apse, which is situated behind the primary altar. It should be noted that there is a Baroque-era canopy over the high altar, similar to that found at Santa Maria Maggiore, which is an exhibition of extravagance. Moreover, the small Chapel of St. Zeno along the right, or north, side of the nave contains other exceptional mosaics that are not to be missed.
St John Lateran Rome
St John Lateran Rome: one can scarcely imagine the profound sense of elation that must have accompanied the opening of this first Christian church in Rome, circa AD 318. Finally, Christians were able to practice their faith openly and without fear of retribution. Nonetheless, given that the majority of Rome’s population at the time still adhered to pagan beliefs, this inaugural house of worship was situated away from the city’s bustling center, instead positioned adjacent to the wall that encircled it. Nevertheless, this momentous occasion served as a catalyst for the growth and prominence of Catholicism, and the church became the epicenter of this burgeoning faith and the papacy until the Renaissance-era remodeling of St. Peter’s and the expansion of the Vatican. For centuries, until the year 1870, all popes were crowned within its hallowed walls. Even today, the church remains the titular basilica of the Bishop of Rome – the Pope – and, like Santa Maria Maggiore, is owned by the Vatican.
Holy Stairs Rome
The Holy Stairs in Rome, Italy, hold significant religious and historical importance. In 326, St. Helena, the mother of Emperor Constantine, brought home the 28 marble steps from the residence of Pontius Pilate in Jerusalem. According to tradition, Jesus climbed these steps on the day he was sentenced to death, making them a symbol of his suffering and sacrifice.
Today, hundreds of faithful penitents climb these Holy Stairs in Rome on their knees while reciting a litany of prayers. The steps are covered with walnut wood and spotted with small glass-covered holes showing stains from Jesus’ blood, adding to their mystique and reverence.
The Holy Stairs lead to the “Holy of Holies” (Sancta Sanctorum), the private chapel of the popes in the Middle Ages. This chapel was considered the holiest place on earth, and with its world-class relics, it held a significant place in the hearts of the faithful. Although the relics were moved to the Vatican in 1905, the Holy Stairs continue to be a popular pilgrimage site for Christians around the world.
Tourists can climb the staircases along the sides to reach the top of the Holy Stairs and look inside the “Holy of Holies” through the grated windows. The entire chapel can be viewed through the grates, but those who wish to enter the chapel need to purchase a ticket at the desk located downstairs near the entrance.
Visitors can also buy a souvenir at the gift shop located on the left-hand side of the top floor. For those seeking a unique spiritual experience, they can climb the Holy Stairs on their knees while following the proper prayer for each of the 28 steps, which can be found in a booklet available for purchase at the gift shop. This is a deeply meaningful and physically demanding act of devotion that provides a glimpse into the piety and sacrifice of early Christians.
San Clemente Church Rome
San Clemente Church in Rome offers a unique christian sites in Rome. The basilica, constructed in the 12th century, is built atop a 4th-century Christian basilica, which in turn rests upon the remains of a 2nd-century Mithraic temple and other ancient Roman structures. The juxtaposition of these different periods of history creates a fascinating sense of depth and complexity.
As you approach the basilica, you will enter a sunken area on the east side of the church before passing through a courtyard. This courtyard is reminiscent of the defensive atria that were common during medieval times, and it offers a tranquil respite from the bustling city. In the past, this courtyard would have provided a place of rest and refuge for pilgrims making their way to the church.
When you are ready to explore the interior of the basilica, you will be rewarded with a stunning display of art and architecture. From intricate frescoes and ornate altarpieces to soaring vaulted ceilings, every detail is a testament to the grandeur and beauty of Roman Catholicism.
Arch of Titus in Rome
The Arch of Titus in Rome is a triumphal arch located at the northern approach to the Palatine Hill on the Via Sacra. It was erected in AD 81 to commemorate the sack of Jerusalem, which occurred 10 years earlier, after the First Jewish-Roman War. This historical monument reminds us that it was the emperor Titus who assisted in completing the Colosseum, which was originally started by his father, Vespasian.
One of the most spectacular views of the Colosseum can be enjoyed from the Arch of Titus. The arch has two impressive sculpted reliefs, both of which depict scenes from Titus’s triumphal parade along the Via Sacra. Among the depictions, you can still see the spoils of war taken from Herod’s Temple, including a massive seven-branched candelabrum (menorah) and silver trumpets.
Unfortunately, during the sacking of Jerusalem, Titus killed or deported most of the Jewish population, initiating the Jewish diaspora. This event has had far-reaching historical consequences, making the Arch of Titus an important reminder of the complex history of the Roman Empire and its impact on the world.
Biblical Sites in Rome
Rome is known for its biblical sites that hold a significant place in Christian history. These sites offer a glimpse into the past. Allowing visitors to walk in the footsteps of biblical figures such as St. Peter and St. Paul. From the grandeur of St. Paul Outside the Walls to the humble setting of the Mamertine Prison, each site tells a unique story of faith and martyrdom. Join me as we explore some of the most fascinating biblical sites in Rome.
Catacombs
The Catacombs, which were most famous for being the final resting place of early Christians, are underground burial sites. However, it is crucial to note that they also made a significant contribution to early Christian art.
The Catacombe di San Sebastiano, also known as the Catacombs of St. Sebastian, is a true marvel of history. The church, which bears the saint’s name and dates back to the 4th century, serves as a testament to the early Christian beliefs and practices that took place within its walls. What makes this site truly remarkable, however, is the catacomb lying beneath it.
On four different levels, this catacomb served as the only Early Christian cemetery that remained accessible during the Middle Ages. The term “catacomb” was even derived from this very location where the road dips into a hollow, known to the Romans as catacumba, which means “near the hollow” in Greek.
As we explore the wonders of the Catacombs of St. Sebastian, we can’t help but feel a sense of awe and wonder at the rich history that lies within. It is a testament to the enduring legacy of early Christianity and the people who devoted themselves to it.
It is remarkable to think that, even after all these years, early frescoes and sculptures are still present in the catacombs. They provide us with a glimpse into what life was like for those early Christians and what kind of art they valued.
However, the most touching aspect of the catacombs is the smaller burial spots that were specifically carved out for children who had passed away. Although it is heartbreaking to think about, it is also a beautiful reminder of how much those early Christians cared for their little ones, even in death.
If you have not yet visited the catacombs, I highly recommend it – it is truly an unforgettable experience.
Tre Fontane Abbey
Have you ever heard of Tre Fontane, the place where the Apostle Paul was martyred outside the walls of Rome? It’s a lesser-known Christian site that you won’t find on most tourist maps. But despite its obscurity, it holds a special place in Christian history.
Legend has it that after Paul’s head was cut off, it bounced three times and three fountains sprang up, which is why it’s called Tre Fontane, meaning “Three Fountains”. While the fountain story may not be true, the location of Paul’s death is well-documented.
According to Foxe’s Book of Martyrs, Paul, who was once called Saul, was martyred in the first persecution under Nero. Even as he was about to be executed, he continued to share the Gospel and even prayed for his executioners. He gave his neck to the sword and was buried at this spot.
Today, a grand basilica stands on this hallowed ground, marking the place where the Apostle Paul was buried. It may not be as famous as some of Rome’s other Christian sites, but it’s a deeply meaningful and historic place for those who visit.
St Paul outside the Walls
Did you know that the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls in Rome is said to be built over the burial place of the Apostle Paul? It’s located about two miles away from Tre Fontane Abbey. This spot has been revered by Paul’s followers since his death and it’s said that Emperor Constantine erected a building over the burial site.
Throughout the centuries, the structures marking the spot have changed and expanded, but what we see today is a grand basilica that largely reflects 19th- and 20th-century architecture. If you visit the basilica, you’ll find that Paul’s grave is clearly marked inside the ornate church. It’s truly a special place with a rich history and a meaningful connection to one of the most important figures in the Christian faith.
Mamertine Prison
The Mamertine Prison is a historic state prison in ancient Rome that has long fascinated visitors with its dark past. The prison is known for its two subterranean cells where enemies of Rome were imprisoned, including the famous Goth, Jugurtha, and the brave Gaul, Vercingetorix, who met their demise through starvation or strangulation. Legends suggest that the lower cell was also the place where saints Peter and Paul were imprisoned under Nero, and that a miraculous spring of water appeared, which they used to baptize their jailers. Today, a church called San Giuseppe dei Falegnami stands over the prison. While the multimedia tour has received mixed reviews, visitors can still learn about the Christian history of the site, which adds to the prison’s enduring allure.
Mamertine Prison Apostle Paul
The Apostle Paul expressed his desire to visit the Romans in his letter to them, stating that he had longed to see them for many years, and hoped to be helped on his way to Spain by them after enjoying their company for a while (Romans 15:23-24). However, Paul’s journey to Rome did not go as planned.
Rather than traveling to Rome as a free man to visit and encourage the Christian community there, Paul arrived as a prisoner in chains. Acts 27-28 recounts the story of how Paul was arrested in Jerusalem and spent two years imprisoned at Caesarea before appealing to Caesar. On his way to Rome as a prisoner, he suffered a shipwreck.
Despite his difficult circumstances, Paul remained steadfast in his faith and continued to write letters to various Christian communities. After two years, Paul was released from his imprisonment and traveled and wrote two more epistles before his final Roman imprisonment in the Mamertine Prison. In this final imprisonment, he wrote to his protege Timothy, expressing his readiness to depart this life and his confidence that he had fought the good fight, finished the race, and kept the faith.
Despite not being able to visit Rome under the circumstances he had hoped for, Paul’s teachings and writings continue to influence and inspire Christians around the world to this day.
Mamertine Prison Photos
Explore the haunting remains of the Mamertine Prison through stunning photos. Discover the two subterranean cells where Rome’s enemies, including Jugurtha and Vercingetorix, were imprisoned and died. Learn about the legends surrounding the imprisonment of Saints Peter and Paul under Nero and the miraculous spring of water that appeared. Don’t miss this opportunity to see one of Rome’s most infamous historical sites through vivid images.
Plan Your Trip
If you’re short on time and can only visit one or two christian sites in Rome, it’s important to know what sets each one apart. Santa Maria Maggiore and Santa Prassede are known for their ancient mosaics, dating back to the earliest days of Christian Rome. Meanwhile, San Giovanni in Laterano boasts a grandiose and historic atmosphere, and the Holy Stairs are an unforgettable experience. For a unique adventure, check out San Clemente’s church-within-a-church design, which takes you on a journey through mysterious layers down to a pagan Mithraic temple.
Before heading out, be sure to check the opening hours for each church. Keep in mind that Santa Prassede, San Clemente, and the Holy Stairs all close for several hours at midday. If you’re up for some walking, you can visit all the churches on foot, or you can use a combination of walking and public transit. The tour starts at Santa Maria Maggiore, where you can take Metro line A to either the Termini or Vittorio Emanuele stop and walk seven minutes to the church. You can use the #87 bus to connect with the other churches along the way.
Details about the Christian Sites in Rome
Here’s a breakdown of the churches and their visiting details:
- Santa Maria Maggiore is free to enter and open daily from 7:00am to 6:45pm, located at Piazza di Santa Maria Maggiore (Metro: Termini or Vittorio Emanuele).
- Santa Prassede is also free, but remember to bring €0.50 and €1 coins for lights. It’s open daily from 10:00am to 12:00pm and 4:00pm to 6:00pm, with no visits during Mass (Monday to Saturday at 6:00pm; Sunday at 11:00am and 6:00pm). Find it at Via di Santa Prassede 9A.
- San Clemente has a free upper church and a lower church with an admission fee of €12 (cheaper online). Both are open from Monday to Saturday, 10:00am to 12:30pm and 3:00pm to 5:30pm, and Sunday from 12:00pm to 5:30pm, located at Via Labicana 95 (Metro: Colosseo).
- San Giovanni in Laterano is free to enter and open daily from 7:00am to 6:30pm. The cloister has a fee of €3 (or €5 with an audioguide) and is open daily from 9:00am to 5:00pm. You can also pay €10 for the cloister, the cloister audioguide, and a longer audioguide covering the entire church, available at the desk at the cloister entrance, inside the church. Find San Giovanni in Laterano at Piazza di San Giovanni in Laterano (Metro: San Giovanni).
If you’re looking for a unique experience while exploring Christian sites in Rome, make sure to add the Holy Stairs (Scala Santa) to your list. Located in a building across the street from San Giovanni in Laterano, the Holy Stairs are a must-see attraction for many visitors. And the best part? They’re free to climb! Just note that the stairs are only open during specific hours, so be sure to check the schedule online before heading over.
If you want to delve even deeper into the history and spirituality of the Holy Stairs, you can also visit the chapel located at the top. For a small fee of €3.50, you can explore this beautiful space and admire its intricate artwork and religious artifacts. Keep in mind that the chapel has slightly different hours than the stairs, and it’s closed all day on Sundays.
During busy times, such as holidays or peak tourist season, the hours of the Holy Stairs and chapel may be extended. So if you’re planning your trip during one of these times, it’s a good idea to double-check the schedule to avoid missing out on this incredible Christian Sites in Rome.
How to Explore the Chrisitan Sites in Rome
Do you want to see the most important Christian sites in Rome without wasting time and energy? Then book a golf cart tour with us and enjoy a fun and comfortable ride through the Eternal City!
We are a golf cart tour company that has the best guides of all Rome. We will show you the Vatican, St. Peter’s Basilica, the Colosseum, and many other amazing places that tell the story of Christianity in Rome.
Our golf cart tours are eco-friendly, safe, and accessible. You can choose from different options and durations to suit your preferences and budget. You can also customize your tour with our personal guide who will share with you fascinating facts and anecdotes.
Don’t miss this opportunity to explore Rome by golf cart! Book your tour now and get ready for an unforgettable experience of the Christian Sites in Rome!
